By [Raj]
India–Pakistan Conflict 2025: A Fragile Ceasefire Amid Rising Tensions
🔥 Escalation and Military Engagements
Tensions flared on May 7, 2025, when India launched "Operation Sindoor," a series of 14 missile strikes targeting alleged terrorist camps in Pakistan-administered Kashmir and Punjab. The operation utilized Rafale jets armed with SCALP missiles and Hammer bombs, alongside BrahMos cruise missiles and SkyStriker loitering munitions. India claimed the strikes targeted Jaish-e-Mohammed and Lashkar-e-Taiba facilities, avoiding Pakistani military sites. Pakistan denied these allegations, asserting that Indian drones had intruded its airspace and that civilian infrastructure was hit .Wikipedia+3Wikipedia+3Wikipedia+3
In retaliation, Pakistan reportedly launched drone and missile strikes across several Indian cities, including Amritsar. India's S-400 missile defense system intercepted these attacks, marking its first combat use. Both nations claimed significant enemy losses, though these claims remain unverified .WikipediaAP News
The conflict also saw extensive aerial engagements. On May 7, over 125 fighter jets from both sides clashed in what has been described as one of the largest dogfights since the Gulf War. India lost several aircraft, including a Rafale fighter jet, while Pakistan reported damage to one of its planes .Wikipedia+3Wikipedia+3AP News+3
🕊️ Ceasefire and Diplomatic Efforts
A ceasefire was established on May 10, 2025, following a direct call between Indian and Pakistani military commanders. While the United States, under President Donald Trump, expressed support for the truce, India emphasized that the agreement resulted from bilateral military discussions, downplaying external mediation .ElHuffPost
The ceasefire has led to the reopening of airports and markets in both nations, providing economic relief. Pakistan also secured a $1.4 billion loan from the IMF, aiding in its recovery .Reuters+1AP News+1
🌊 Indus Waters Treaty and Nuclear Concerns
Amid the conflict, India suspended the Indus Waters Treaty on April 23, 2025, following a terrorist attack in Pahalgam that resulted in 26 deaths. India reduced the flow of the Chenab River, which Pakistan claimed dropped by 90%, accusing India of violating the treaty. Pakistan warned that any disruption to the river's flow could be considered an act of war, potentially leading to nuclear retaliation .Wikipedia+1Wikipedia+1
The United States intervened to prevent further escalation, with Vice President JD Vance and Secretary of State Marco Rubio engaging directly with Indian and Pakistani leaders. Their efforts led to the negotiated ceasefire, alleviating fears of a nuclear conflict .The Daily Beast
🧭 Looking Ahead
While the ceasefire has brought temporary relief, the underlying issues remain unresolved. The suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty and the threat of nuclear escalation continue to pose significant risks. The international community watches closely, hoping that diplomatic efforts will lead to a lasting peace between the two nuclear-armed neighbors.
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